Gemini 2.5 Flash → CadQuery
B · Engineering-Aidedcomposite 56.2 [51.8, 60.3]p5 0.0IRT θ 53.0
Google + CadQuery 2.4· v2.5-flash + cadquery 2.4· released 2026-02-08· LLM+CadQuery· emits CadQuery· proprietary· 1000k ctx· $0.00075/$0.003 per 1k tok
Cheaper alternative to Gemini Pro on the CadQuery scaffold. Within 4 pp of the Pro variant on geometry but visibly worse on multi-feature parts where attention-budget matters.
solid: agent · dashed: human baseline
PER-CATEGORY SCORE (95 % CI)
Geometric Primitives
82.3
Boolean Robustness
47.8
BREP Fidelity
51.1
Free-form Surfaces
82.7
Parametric Mechanical Parts
57.5
Assembly & Mating
43.1
Standards Compliance
50.5
Sheet-Metal Bodies
61.2
Sealing-Groove Design
63.4
Kinematic Mechanisms
58.5
DFM · 3-Axis CNC
62.0
DFM · Injection Mould
53.4
DFM · FDM 3D Print
70.0
CAM Toolpath Validity
54.6
Constraint Solving & Editability
39.1
Reverse Engineering
37.5
2-D Sketch Constraints
75.5
Functional Intent · FEA-Gated
50.2
Paraphrase Robustness
76.0
Confidence Calibration
19.3
MEAN METRICS BY LAYER
L1 · Geometry
| Category | Vol IoU | Chamfer | Hausdorff | NormCons | Watert. | Manif. | Euler | STEP RT | P@1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric Primitives | 0.573 | 0.149 | — | — | — | 0.938 | — | — | — |
| Boolean Robustness | 0.377 | — | — | — | — | 0.737 | — | — | — |
| BREP Fidelity | — | — | — | — | — | 0.689 | — | 0.129 | — |
| Free-form Surfaces | — | 0.253 | 1.207 | 0.753 | — | — | — | — | — |
L2 · Engineering
| Category | Dim RMSE | GD&T | FeatRec | Mating | Fit-Cls | Std |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parametric Mechanical Parts | 0.283 | 0.451 | 0.558 | — | — | — |
| Assembly & Mating | — | — | 0.568 | 0.471 | 0.254 | — |
| Standards Compliance | — | 0.460 | — | — | — | 0.549 |
| Sheet-Metal Bodies | 0.272 | — | 0.577 | — | — | — |
| Sealing-Groove Design | 0.290 | — | — | — | — | 0.558 |
| Kinematic Mechanisms | — | — | 0.583 | 0.529 | — | — |
L3 · Manufacturing
| Category | DFM | Draft | Min-Wall | CAM-Reach | Supp | Wall-Unif |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFM · 3-Axis CNC | 76.375 | — | 0.550 | 0.545 | — | — |
| DFM · Injection Mould | — | 0.502 | 0.565 | — | — | 0.536 |
| DFM · FDM 3D Print | 75.400 | — | 0.541 | — | 0.392 | — |
| CAM Toolpath Validity | — | — | — | 0.512 | — | — |
L4 · Cognition
| Category | ParamEdit | ConSolve | P-Range | FEA-σ | Para σ | Seed σ | Brier | EditLat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constraint Solving & Editability | 0.627 | 0.585 | 0.549 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Reverse Engineering | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2-D Sketch Constraints | — | 0.581 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Functional Intent · FEA-Gated | — | — | — | 0.382 | — | — | — | — |
| Paraphrase Robustness | — | — | — | — | 0.043 | 0.053 | — | — |
| Confidence Calibration | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.114 | — |
TASK-BY-TASK ARTIFACTS
PRIM-001Hollow cylinder (60 × 40 × 100)0.5560.00PRIM-007Right hexagonal prism with pitch fillet0.7120.00BOOL-003Coplanar-face union (knife-edge stress)0.3810.00BOOL-009High-genus subtraction (lattice block)0.4300.00BREP-004NURBS-handle goblet (G2 swept loft)0.4910.00SURF-002Compressor blade (NACA 65-(12)10)0.4320.00MECH-014L-bracket with M6 + slotted hole0.6300.00MECH-022Stepped shaft with retaining-ring groove0.6210.00MECH-027Planetary-gear carrier plate0.4280.00ASM-005Pin-in-hole, H7/g6 sliding fit0.3880.00ASM-011Dovetail slide (60° flanks)0.5590.00STD-002ISO 4762 M8×30 socket-head cap screw0.4080.00SHEET-003U-channel bracket, 1.5 mm Al, k=0.400.5590.00SEAL-001AS568-214 face-seal groove0.5050.00KIN-002Four-bar linkage, Grashof crank-rocker0.3330.00DFMCNC-0023-ax-machinable manifold block0.5860.00DFMMOLD-002Injection-mouldable enclosure half0.3860.00DFMFDM-008FDM-printable hinge (no support)0.4030.00CAM-0015-pocket plate, Ø3 endmill finish0.4210.00PARAM-006Editable flange (bolt circle param sweep)0.0000.00PARAM-013Editable bracket (length+30 %, hole→M8)0.5490.00REVENG-002Three-view ortho → bracket0.4370.00REVENG-009Three-view ortho → housing with cores0.0000.00SKETCH-003Tangent-arc transition profile0.6040.00FUNC-001Cantilever bracket — 250 N tip load, 6061-T6, SF≥40.3470.00FUNC-007Heat-sink fin array for 25 W TO-2200.2480.00PARA-0015× paraphrased L-bracket0.6300.00CAL-003Confidence-calibrated planetary carrier0.0000.00PRIM-002Sphere with planar cap0.6290.00PRIM-003Right truncated cone (frustum)0.5470.00PRIM-004Square-base pyramid frustum0.6260.00PRIM-005Tilted-axis box (30°)0.5680.00PRIM-009Hollow torus (Ø100 mean × Ø8 tube, 1 mm wall)0.3740.00BOOL-001Tangent cylinder onto cube (line-of-contact)0.4920.00BOOL-002Two interpenetrating spheres (lens intersection)0.0000.00BOOL-005ε-offset extrusion (sliver-face stress)0.5800.00BREP-001Periodic-spline cylinder (closed in U)0.3980.00BREP-002G1-only loft (tangent discontinuity)0.0000.00BREP-007Trimmed sphere with hole through pole0.4080.00SURF-001Ergonomic mug handle (revolved spline)0.2640.00SURF-007Mouse top-shell (Class-A)0.3470.00MECH-002Bearing block — two 6204 deep-groove bearings0.5280.00MECH-005Cam-follower lever (eccentric pivot)0.5340.00MECH-018Heat-set insert boss array (4× M3)0.5210.00MECH-031Threaded cap with diamond knurl0.4150.00ASM-001Threaded coupling M16×1.5 (male+female pair)0.3710.00ASM-008Spline shaft + hub (DIN 5480 W25×1.25×18)0.2980.00ASM-013Bayonet quarter-turn mount0.3920.00STD-001ISO 7050 self-tapping screw ST4.2 × 160.4760.00STD-005ISO 8734 dowel pin Ø6 m6 × 300.6250.00STD-008ASME B18.6.3 button-head 1/4-20 × 5/80.4600.00SHEET-001Box-pan with corner relief cuts0.4270.00SHEET-0073-bend electronics chassis0.5620.00SEAL-004AS568-218 piston-type radial groove0.4520.00SEAL-007ISO 3601-2 quad-ring face groove0.3970.00KIN-005Geneva drive — 4 station0.3620.00KIN-008Planetary gearset full mesh (sun + 3 planets + ring)0.3420.00DFMCNC-0054-pocket plate, R 0.5 internal corners0.4870.00DFMCNC-009Long-aspect bracket (vise-fixturable)0.5100.00DFMCNC-0135-axis-only fish-mouth saddle0.4480.00DFMMOLD-005Telephone handset shell0.2450.00DFMFDM-002Bridge-test calibration cube0.4240.00DFMFDM-011Print-in-place hinge0.4210.00CAM-005T-slot pocket array (Ø 8 + Ø 4 endmills)0.4880.00PARAM-009Configurable bottle (height + cap params)0.5910.00REVENG-005ABC dataset stepped pulley (multi-view)0.3750.00SKETCH-014Symmetric four-bar profile0.5730.00FUNC-003Heat-sink for 60 W CoB LED0.2830.00PARA-0055× paraphrased planetary carrier0.5120.00CAL-007Confidence-bracketed mounting flange0.3890.00