DeepCAD
B · Engineering-Aidedcomposite 46.4 [42.3, 50.7]p5 26.4IRT θ 18.8
Wu et al. 2021 (research)· vofficial checkpoint, retrained 2024-11· released 2024-11-30· Diffusion-3D· emits BREP· research
Transformer over CAD command sequences (extrude, revolve, sketch). Limited prompt vocabulary; we wrap with a Claude-3.5-mini paraphraser to convert natural prompts into the in-distribution token grammar.
solid: agent · dashed: human baseline
PER-CATEGORY SCORE (95 % CI)
Geometric Primitives
89.6
Boolean Robustness
36.3
BREP Fidelity
70.6
Free-form Surfaces
54.6
Parametric Mechanical Parts
50.2
Assembly & Mating
34.0
Standards Compliance
32.3
Sheet-Metal Bodies
52.0
Sealing-Groove Design
46.7
Kinematic Mechanisms
38.2
DFM · 3-Axis CNC
34.8
DFM · Injection Mould
36.6
DFM · FDM 3D Print
57.6
CAM Toolpath Validity
42.2
Constraint Solving & Editability
27.2
Reverse Engineering
43.0
2-D Sketch Constraints
55.5
Functional Intent · FEA-Gated
34.4
Paraphrase Robustness
62.8
Confidence Calibration
29.1
MEAN METRICS BY LAYER
L1 · Geometry
| Category | Vol IoU | Chamfer | Hausdorff | NormCons | Watert. | Manif. | Euler | STEP RT | P@1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geometric Primitives | 0.698 | 0.132 | — | — | — | 0.954 | — | — | — |
| Boolean Robustness | 0.322 | — | — | — | — | 0.730 | — | — | — |
| BREP Fidelity | — | — | — | — | — | 0.930 | — | 0.121 | — |
| Free-form Surfaces | — | 0.919 | 4.595 | 0.649 | — | — | — | — | — |
L2 · Engineering
| Category | Dim RMSE | GD&T | FeatRec | Mating | Fit-Cls | Std |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parametric Mechanical Parts | 0.331 | 0.369 | 0.469 | — | — | — |
| Assembly & Mating | — | — | 0.466 | 0.389 | 0.166 | — |
| Standards Compliance | — | 0.372 | — | — | — | 0.274 |
| Sheet-Metal Bodies | 0.311 | — | 0.484 | — | — | — |
| Sealing-Groove Design | 0.335 | — | — | — | — | 0.270 |
| Kinematic Mechanisms | — | — | 0.460 | 0.387 | — | — |
L3 · Manufacturing
| Category | DFM | Draft | Min-Wall | CAM-Reach | Supp | Wall-Unif |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DFM · 3-Axis CNC | 65.667 | — | 0.375 | 0.358 | — | — |
| DFM · Injection Mould | — | 0.376 | 0.337 | — | — | 0.385 |
| DFM · FDM 3D Print | 62.100 | — | 0.349 | — | 0.487 | — |
| CAM Toolpath Validity | — | — | — | 0.356 | — | — |
L4 · Cognition
| Category | ParamEdit | ConSolve | P-Range | FEA-σ | Para σ | Seed σ | Brier | EditLat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constraint Solving & Editability | 0.286 | 0.296 | 0.234 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Reverse Engineering | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2-D Sketch Constraints | — | 0.308 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Functional Intent · FEA-Gated | — | — | — | 0.188 | — | — | — | — |
| Paraphrase Robustness | — | — | — | — | 0.097 | 0.052 | — | — |
| Confidence Calibration | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.209 | — |
TASK-BY-TASK ARTIFACTS
PRIM-001Hollow cylinder (60 × 40 × 100)0.6930.00PRIM-007Right hexagonal prism with pitch fillet0.6430.00BOOL-003Coplanar-face union (knife-edge stress)0.3920.00BOOL-009High-genus subtraction (lattice block)0.0000.00BREP-004NURBS-handle goblet (G2 swept loft)0.5270.00SURF-002Compressor blade (NACA 65-(12)10)0.0920.00MECH-014L-bracket with M6 + slotted hole0.2830.00MECH-022Stepped shaft with retaining-ring groove0.2280.00MECH-027Planetary-gear carrier plate0.2170.00ASM-005Pin-in-hole, H7/g6 sliding fit0.3370.00ASM-011Dovetail slide (60° flanks)0.3640.00STD-002ISO 4762 M8×30 socket-head cap screw0.1070.00SHEET-003U-channel bracket, 1.5 mm Al, k=0.400.3750.00SEAL-001AS568-214 face-seal groove0.1970.00KIN-002Four-bar linkage, Grashof crank-rocker0.2680.00DFMCNC-0023-ax-machinable manifold block0.3340.00DFMMOLD-002Injection-mouldable enclosure half0.3680.00DFMFDM-008FDM-printable hinge (no support)0.2380.00CAM-0015-pocket plate, Ø3 endmill finish0.3890.00PARAM-006Editable flange (bolt circle param sweep)0.1110.00PARAM-013Editable bracket (length+30 %, hole→M8)0.1670.00REVENG-002Three-view ortho → bracket0.0900.00REVENG-009Three-view ortho → housing with cores0.1540.00SKETCH-003Tangent-arc transition profile0.1570.00FUNC-001Cantilever bracket — 250 N tip load, 6061-T6, SF≥40.0000.00FUNC-007Heat-sink fin array for 25 W TO-2200.0620.00PARA-0015× paraphrased L-bracket0.2260.00CAL-003Confidence-calibrated planetary carrier0.0740.00PRIM-002Sphere with planar cap0.7780.00PRIM-003Right truncated cone (frustum)0.6330.00PRIM-004Square-base pyramid frustum0.8580.00PRIM-005Tilted-axis box (30°)0.5910.00PRIM-009Hollow torus (Ø100 mean × Ø8 tube, 1 mm wall)0.6880.00BOOL-001Tangent cylinder onto cube (line-of-contact)0.4740.00BOOL-002Two interpenetrating spheres (lens intersection)0.4420.00BOOL-005ε-offset extrusion (sliver-face stress)0.3040.00BREP-001Periodic-spline cylinder (closed in U)0.5540.00BREP-002G1-only loft (tangent discontinuity)0.4220.00BREP-007Trimmed sphere with hole through pole0.5260.00SURF-001Ergonomic mug handle (revolved spline)0.1670.00SURF-007Mouse top-shell (Class-A)0.0460.00MECH-002Bearing block — two 6204 deep-groove bearings0.4610.00MECH-005Cam-follower lever (eccentric pivot)0.5470.00MECH-018Heat-set insert boss array (4× M3)0.3490.00MECH-031Threaded cap with diamond knurl0.3400.00ASM-001Threaded coupling M16×1.5 (male+female pair)0.2630.00ASM-008Spline shaft + hub (DIN 5480 W25×1.25×18)0.1620.00ASM-013Bayonet quarter-turn mount0.4380.00STD-001ISO 7050 self-tapping screw ST4.2 × 160.1830.00STD-005ISO 8734 dowel pin Ø6 m6 × 300.2390.00STD-008ASME B18.6.3 button-head 1/4-20 × 5/80.2500.00SHEET-001Box-pan with corner relief cuts0.3110.00SHEET-0073-bend electronics chassis0.3670.00SEAL-004AS568-218 piston-type radial groove0.0230.00SEAL-007ISO 3601-2 quad-ring face groove0.3310.00KIN-005Geneva drive — 4 station0.2240.00KIN-008Planetary gearset full mesh (sun + 3 planets + ring)0.2660.00DFMCNC-0054-pocket plate, R 0.5 internal corners0.2300.00DFMCNC-009Long-aspect bracket (vise-fixturable)0.0000.00DFMCNC-0135-axis-only fish-mouth saddle0.1980.00DFMMOLD-005Telephone handset shell0.3030.00DFMFDM-002Bridge-test calibration cube0.2610.00DFMFDM-011Print-in-place hinge0.1850.00CAM-005T-slot pocket array (Ø 8 + Ø 4 endmills)0.2480.00PARAM-009Configurable bottle (height + cap params)0.1660.00REVENG-005ABC dataset stepped pulley (multi-view)0.2510.00SKETCH-014Symmetric four-bar profile0.2760.00FUNC-003Heat-sink for 60 W CoB LED0.1310.00PARA-0055× paraphrased planetary carrier0.2790.00CAL-007Confidence-bracketed mounting flange0.1240.00